While Black men and women made up 13 percent of the U.S. population in 2007, they accounted for more than half of all new HIV/AIDS diagnoses that year and nearly half of all Americans living with HIV/AIDS. For Black women ages 35 to 44, HIV was the third leading cause of death in 2006. In our nation's capital, 6.5 percent of Black men are living with the virus—a percentage higher than that of any other racial, ethnic or gender group in the city, and higher than in many countries in Africa. 

Today, on the 10th annual National Black HIV/AIDS Awareness Day, we are inspired to improve our efforts to overcome this public health crisis in the Black community.

One of the fundamental ways Black men and women can reduce the spread of HIV in their communities and preserve their health is by getting tested for the virus during routine medical care, as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Physicians. Identifying HIV infection early in its course is critical. A growing number of studies have shown that starting treatment early, while the immune system is still intact, is more beneficial to HIV-infected patients than initiating therapy later in the course of disease.

As a nation, we must knock down the barriers that prevent many Americans, especially African Americans, from receiving health care in general, and HIV testing, counseling and treatment in particular. An insidious component of this barrier is persistent stigma around homosexuality, HIV-positive status and injection drug use. I am gratified that Congress and President Obama recently lifted the 21-year-old ban on federal funding for needle exchange programs, which have been scientifically proven to reduce HIV transmission among injection drug users and serve as a gateway to treatment for drug addiction, HIV and other diseases.

Another barrier to HIV care in Black communities may be a reported reluctance among some individuals to start treatment for HIV infection before they feel sick. Research tells tell us that HIV-infected individuals are more likely to remain alive and healthy if they start treatment early—even if they feel well.

Treatment for HIV may benefit not only the infected person who is receiving antiretroviral therapy, but also his/her sexual partner. Treatment with antiretroviral drugs lowers the amount of virus in bodily fluids, potentially decreasing the risk of HIV transmission. NIAID is conducting a clinical trial to test this hypothesis in collaboration with the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Mental Health, all part of the National Institutes of Health.

To combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Washington, D.C.—a majority-Black city—NIH and the D.C. Department of Health recently launched a $26.4 million research partnership designed to decrease the rate of new HIV infections, improve the health of district residents living with HIV infection, and strengthen the city's ongoing response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. NIAID and the D.C. Department of Health are jointly leading the project, called the D.C. Partnership for HIV/AIDS Progress, with support from the NIH Office of AIDS Research.

In other research that will directly benefit African Americans, NIAID is conducting two studies to learn how to deliver HIV prevention and treatment services to hard-to-reach U.S. communities at high risk for HIV infection. One of these studies focuses on Black homosexual and bisexual men, and the other concentrates on inner-city women in impoverished, largely minority neighborhoods.  

We must stem the spread of HIV in the Black community to overcome the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States. I encourage everyone ages 13 to 64 to get tested for the virus, and I urge those who test positive to start treatment as early as their doctors recommend. Through partnerships among the African-American, scientific and public health communities, we can expand the access of Black men and women to HIV prevention, treatment and care, with the goal of ending the terrible scourge of HIV/AIDS.

Dr. Anthony Fauci

Director, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases ( NIAID ) , NIH

Bethesda, Md.